The Investment Outlook
Hypothesizing about cultural and economic impacts at scale.
We have presented Bitcoin as an innovation in organization design. In this section, we will look at the broader impact of this innovation, its cultural relevance outside computer science, and how business may develop on top of it.
Cultural-historical timing is apt
Ward Cunningham is the engineer who coined the metaphor “technical debt,” and he draws a parallel between poor choices in software development and financial debt:
“I coined the debt metaphor to explain… cases where people would rush software out the door, and learn things, but never put that learning back in to the program. That, by analogy, was borrowing money thinking you never had to pay it back. Of course if you do that, eventually all your income goes to interest and your purchasing power goes to zero. By the same token, if you develop a program for a long period of time and only add features—never reorganizing it to reflect your understanding—then all of efforts to work on it take longer and longer.”
We can take this generally to mean that human systems must evolve as their designers learn more about how people behave inside them. If systems do not evolve along with our understanding of their purpose and dynamics, then these systems will fall into debt. In a public cryptocurrency system, stagnation means that malicious or negligent actors will eventually undermine the network.
The Occupy Wall Street movement emerged just two years after Bitcoin, in 2011, as a response to an un-audited $29 trillion Fed lending binge that exceeded the $700B TARP limit set by Congress. It can be said that OWS protested the origination of public debt by managers of the system.
Bitcoin is a similar protest for software developers who do not want technical debt originated for them by a managerial class. Both Bitcoin and Occupy Wall Street are responses to a perceived weakness in human systems, which occasionally allow small groups of managers to endebt everyone else. Bitcoin’s solution to this anti-pattern is to automate the management of important human systems in ways that are beneficial for participants.
Dilution of institutional boundaries may ensue
To understand the impact of Bitcoin, we return to Coase, and his theory that firms exist to reduce the transaction costs of specialists who collaborate in business. If peer to peer currency systems can lower financial transaction costs enough, they may eliminate the benefit of large firms entirely, replacing them with loosely-aggregated groups of SMBs sharing commonly-maintained infrastructure.
Coase writes that such a development would have massive societal impact, namely to subvert intellectual property laws and undermine the economics of large institutions:
"I showed in ‘The Nature of the Firm’ that, in the absence of transaction costs, there is no economic basis for the existence of the firm. What I showed in ‘The Problem of Social Cost’ was that, in the absence of transaction costs, it does not matter what the law is, since people can always negotiate without cost to acquire, sub-divide, and combine rights whenever this would increase the value of production. In such a world the institutions which make up the economic system have neither substance nor purpose. Cheung has even argued that, if transaction costs are zero, ‘the assumption of private property rights can be dropped without in the least negating the Coase Theorem’ and he is no doubt right.”
He elaborated in a subsequent book: “Businessmen will be constantly experimenting, controlling more or less, creating a moving equilibrium” between full-time and temporary contract labor. These impacts are also consistent with the stated goals of Satoshi Nakamoto and the Cypherpunks, whose resistance to institutional authority is rooted in a resentment for the managerial class and for the laws that protect and incentivize proprietary software.
Timothy May, the Intel executive and an original cypherpunk, predicted in 1992:
“Just as the technology of printing altered and reduced the power of medieval guilds and the social power structure, so too will cryptologic methods fundamentally alter the nature of corporations and of government interference in economic transactions. Combined with emerging information markets, crypto anarchy will create a liquid market for any and all material which can be put into words and pictures. And just as a seemingly minor invention like barbed wire made possible the fencing-off of vast ranches and farms, thus altering forever the concepts of land and property rights in the frontier West, so too will the seemingly minor discovery out of an arcane branch of mathematics come to be the wire clippers which dismantle the barbed wire around intellectual property.”
By eliminating the middlemen who mark up transaction costs at each stage of the value chain, SMBs that build on top of Bitcoin—especially cooperatives, nonprofits, and solo entrepreneurs—can trade their digital goods and services directly with end users at near zero marginal cost.
What cryptocurrency-based independent employment looks like
Individual entrepreneurs or small groups of developers can monetize free and open source projects in a number of ways. They can port the software onto new hardware and license it to businesses using that hardware, or they can sell teaching, support, and maintenance services. Contracting with tech companies to write programs using a free and open source library is another tactic. Indeed, many cryptocurrency developers have small consultancies that engage in consulting services; an example would be Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood’s software agency Parity.
Older FOSS projects provide insights into the future of Bitcoin. In the case of Mozilla Firefox, intellectual property for the browser resides in a nonprofit corporation, the Mozilla Foundation, which is funded by donations and corporate grants. Taxable business activities are conducted in a wholly-owned for-profit subsidiary, the Mozilla Corporation, which was formed in August 2005. The corporation builds and distributes Firefox, and earns revenue from search referrals to Google and other search engines. This “dual entity” structure, with a foundation and a corporation, has been mimicked in other open source projects, including Bitcoin, which is maintained by a group of developers known as “Bitcoin Core,” some of whom have formed a commercial entity called Blockstream, which builds enterprise applications on top of Bitcoin for profit.
We have established that miners receive the lion’s share of wealth created by the Bitcoin network, and as a result, miners may become large sources of development capital. Many large-scale miners also manufacture machines, operate mining pools for other miners at a small fee.
Bounty-hunting is another approach to software entrepreneurship. Across all categories of work, freelancing employed 42 million Americans 10 years ago, and employs 53 million today, contributing over $715 billion a year to GDP. An increasing number of freelance platforms are offering work per-job, or in software terms, paying per problem solved.
Contract job boards such as GeekBoy, HackerOne, ZeroCOpter, CugCrowd, and Gitcoin allow developers to take contract development jobs on a per-problem basis, getting paid for their solution, not their time. Major technology corporations have used so-called “bug bounties” for decades; Augur, a popular blockchain project, can be seen below using the bounty hunting method to address a security vulnerability.
Perhaps the best implementation of a bitcoin-based bounty hunting system is BitHub, created by cypherpunk and Signal Messenger creator Moxie Marlinspike. BitHub does two things for Signal Messenger, which is free and open source software:
It allows Signal Messenger to take donations in bitcoin
It pays out this bitcoin to developers who fix bugs
In this way, existing products and services can hire and retain high-quality engineering talent, on a completely pseudonymous basis, and totally ad hoc, simply by offering a Bitcoin payment. Signal is amongst the highest-rated products in its category of “secure messenger applications.” It has been the chat application of choice for Hillary Clinton and her staff since at least August 2016, among other high-profile hacking targets.
Investigating the altcoin business model
Because Bitcoin develops slowly in the “bazaar,” and has no marketing department, it can appear from the outside fairly chaotic, and by all appearances “worse” than privately-developed alternatives. As free software, anyone can copy it and create such a private alternative.
Launching an altcoin gives you the financial runway to reproduce the stability of corporate employment, without answering to investors. (Just miners and users!) What is the distinction?
In a cryptocurrency context, a “scam” is a project which:
Will not grow or retain its developer pool, forestalling any chance at viral growth or stability.
Is actively shrinking in the number of full node operators and/or miners.
Will not provide a platform for the development of economic activity for any other reason.
Not all network operators are intentional scammers. For a new network, conscious choices which limit network growth may simply be a sign that the team is not confident in the network’s longevity. Thus, it can be easy to spot poor quality projects by their reliance on short-sighted tactics. While there is no firm litmus test for the viability of a project, the following characteristics can be considered red flags:
statistics bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency wisdom bitcoin monero fee bitcoin окупаемость monero proxy кошелька bitcoin кликер bitcoin txid bitcoin habrahabr bitcoin bitcoin mine Illustration of a person peering into a bazaar, meant to represent EthereumWhen you buy bitcoin on an exchange, the price of one bitcoin is usually quoted against the US dollar (USD). In other words, you are selling USD in order to buy bitcoin. If the price of bitcoin rises you will be able to sell for a profit, because bitcoin is now worth more USD than when you bought it. If the price falls and you decide to sell, then you would make a loss.bitcoin ротатор bitcoin bitrix bitcoin ann обменять monero source bitcoin bitcoin cryptocurrency
create bitcoin
ethereum bonus видеокарта bitcoin майнинг ethereum programming bitcoin bitcoin advertising wei ethereum monero bitcointalk bitcoin metal
bitcoin продам bitcoin выиграть bitcoin 2018 dash cryptocurrency bitcoin reserve bitcoin обменник cryptocurrency bitcoin desk ethereum проблемы иконка bitcoin bitcoin is обменники ethereum avalon bitcoin bitcoin roll moon bitcoin bitcoin cap bitcoin блокчейн avto bitcoin bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin python bitcoin miner bitcoin кошелек bitcoin торговля bitcoin registration To make sure the network is decentralized, it should be as easy as possible for as many people as possible to run these nodes. But the more data is stored on Ethereum, the harder it becomes for average Ethereum users to run nodes. ethereum node платформу ethereum analysis bitcoin bitcoin dark bitcoin monkey bitcoin pizza nicehash bitcoin bitcoin брокеры bitcoin расшифровка addnode bitcoin ethereum coins bitcoin explorer майнить bitcoin hashrate ethereum ethereum twitter ItBit, Bitcoin exchange has received first banking license from New York State’s Department of Financial ServicesThere is no such thing as a bitcoin accountbitcoin хабрахабр monero майнить тинькофф bitcoin ethereum обменять bitcoin кошелька index bitcoin эфириум ethereum bitcoin generator ethereum faucet bitcoin tails genesis bitcoin bitcoin pizza bitcoin segwit2x total cryptocurrency bitcoin database accept bitcoin coingecko ethereum bitcoin airbit bitcoin advcash bitcoin capital bitcoin 50000 яндекс bitcoin
cryptocurrency это
bitcoin сигналы bitcoin legal фермы bitcoin bitcoin fpga game bitcoin clicker bitcoin xpub bitcoin exchanges bitcoin bitcoin форк cryptocurrency charts bitcoin mercado
boom bitcoin ethereum пул usb tether ethereum addresses криптовалюту bitcoin bitcoin bubble moneypolo bitcoin elysium bitcoin tether обменник bitcoin википедия monero ann matteo monero сайте bitcoin bitcoin reddit майнер bitcoin фарминг bitcoin There are hundreds of different Litecoin mining pools to choose from, however, I have listed two of the most popular choices below.bitcoin comprar Special Considerationsзапросы bitcoin bio bitcoin bitcoin установка розыгрыш bitcoin bitcoin список ethereum картинки bitcoin telegram
live bitcoin dance bitcoin bitcoin department bitcoin machine crococoin bitcoin bitcoin xapo mt5 bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты
генераторы bitcoin Remember that the dollar does not have any inherent monetary properties. It leveraged the monetary properties of gold in its ascent to global reserve status, but in itself, there are no unique properties that ground the dollar as a stable form of money, other than its relative scarcity in the construct of its credit-linked monetary system. When evaluating bitcoin, the first principle question to consider is whether something digital could share the quintessential properties that made gold a store of value (and a form of money). Did gold emerge as money because it was physical or because it possessed transcendent properties beyond being physical? Of all the physical objects in the world, why gold? Gold emerged as money not because it was physical, but instead because its aggregate properties were unique. Most importantly, gold is scarce, fungible and highly durable. While gold possessed many properties which made it superior to any money that came before it, its fatal flaw was that it was difficult to transport and susceptible to centralization, which is ultimately why the dollar emerged as its transactional counterpart.Fungibilityаккаунт bitcoin ethereum купить ethereum course автоматический bitcoin ethereum токен ethereum programming nanopool ethereum bitcoin pools bitcoin сколько эпоха ethereum алгоритм bitcoin bitcoin fork
bonus bitcoin best bitcoin клиент ethereum bux bitcoin bitcoin crush unconfirmed bitcoin finney ethereum 999 bitcoin майнинг monero monero майнер казино ethereum bitcoin iso monero fee keystore ethereum хешрейт ethereum
wordpress bitcoin secp256k1 bitcoin ethereum address оплата bitcoin dwarfpool monero
daily bitcoin ● Our Global Blockchain Survey explores the current state of the technology across all sectors and geographies.Best cryptocurrencies by market capitalizationPretend you send $100 to your friend through a conventional bank. The bank charges you a $10 fee, so, in fact, you’re only sending her $90. If she’s overseas, she’ll get even less because of transfer rates and other hidden fees involved. Overall, the process is time-consuming and expensive – and isn’t guaranteed to be 100% secure.ethereum casper ethereum charts bitcoin eobot tether майнинг продать monero qr bitcoin приват24 bitcoin kinolix bitcoin preev bitcoin
криптовалюта tether bear bitcoin coin bitcoin bitcoin okpay bitcoin trade взломать bitcoin bitcoin twitter ico bitcoin monero usd bitcoin slots fx bitcoin bitcoin convert bittorrent bitcoin bitcoin security bitcoin скачать monero js bitcoin расчет ethereum myetherwallet
bitcoin work bitcoin symbol
bitcoin регистрации
ethereum stats bitcoin go bitcoin department china bitcoin bitcoin reserve bitcoin kran icon bitcoin bazar bitcoin bitcoin phoenix котировка bitcoin monero майнить ethereum forum ethereum клиент bitcoin ann
multi bitcoin tether обменник курс ethereum ethereum nicehash logo bitcoin token ethereum arbitrage cryptocurrency invest bitcoin ethereum продать
получение bitcoin bitcoin office monero сложность bitcoin funding Can be under divided possession with Multisignature. For example with a 2-of-3 multisig scheme there would be three private keys, of which any two is enough to spend the money. Those three keys can be spread anywhere, perhaps in multiple locations or known by multiple people. No other asset does this, for example you cannot hold gold coins under multisig.loans bitcoin
nanopool ethereum зебра bitcoin daily bitcoin electrum bitcoin bitcoin satoshi bitcoin freebitcoin bitcoin рбк bitcoin продажа bitcoin обои accepts bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin мавроди bitcoin avto 5. Pool Stability and Robustnessethereum claymore сбербанк bitcoin puzzle bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin raiden ethereum bitcoin center bitcoin книга bitcoin generation торговать bitcoin
bitcoin online bitcoin qiwi
stock bitcoin monero rub cryptocurrency news tether пополнить usa bitcoin bitcoin knots
bitcoin knots boom bitcoin bitcoin бот bitcointalk ethereum bitcoin sha256 bitcoin mining production cryptocurrency статистика ethereum ethereum com программа bitcoin
ethereum прогнозы 'The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we encourage everyone to run faster…. if the runners forget why the reward is offered and become intent on winning, no matter how, they may find other strategies—such as, attacking other runners. If the runners get into a fist fight, they will all finish late. Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners in a fist fight….. There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to maximize one's income, as long as one does not use means that are destructive. But the means customary in the field of software today are based on destruction. Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth that humanity derives from the program. When there is a deliberate choice to restrict, the harmful consequences are deliberate destruction.'bitcoin puzzle bitcoin 10 space bitcoin bitcoin 2048 programming bitcoin mining ethereum
bitcoin мерчант bitcoin anonymous adbc bitcoin bitcoin usb логотип bitcoin bitcoin гарант ютуб bitcoin ethereum news киа bitcoin apk tether casino bitcoin ethereum miners bitcoin mempool ethereum crane people will be earning salaries or making everyday payments in Bitcoin. While these behaviorsby Brad Stephensonbitcoin mastercard доходность bitcoin collector bitcoin local ethereum cryptonight monero bitcoin иконка платформы ethereum платформ ethereum bitcoin server
инвестирование bitcoin падение ethereum Almost every application that you have ever used will operate on a centralized server (such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, etc.). This means that are putting your trust into a third-party company to protect your personal information from hackers.site bitcoin
метрополис ethereum bitcoin legal
ethereum логотип chain bitcoin mist ethereum mac bitcoin 777 bitcoin 1080 ethereum ledger bitcoin cryptocurrency reddit proxy bitcoin сколько bitcoin сколько bitcoin Financial applications are popularly known as DeFi applications, short for 'decentralized finance.'bitcoin s bitcoin jp delphi bitcoin ethereum testnet by bitcoin
bitcoin 2048 криптовалюты ethereum tether tools ethereum blockchain key bitcoin tether download bitcoin work рынок bitcoin
bitcoin bloomberg ethereum github вывести bitcoin gps tether
bitcoin выиграть ethereum описание
bitcoin платформа система bitcoin торги bitcoin bitcoin fortune прогнозы ethereum bitcoin 999
взлом bitcoin bitcoin conf bitcoin стратегия ethereum настройка service bitcoin bitcoin gif bitcoin people
bitcoin dance ethereum виталий cold bitcoin bitcoin information bitcoin friday bitcoin blog развод bitcoin сети bitcoin ethereum обменники bitcoin ключи bitcoin poloniex ethereum рост майнер ethereum monero обменять kraken bitcoin карты bitcoin local ethereum Smart contracts play a huge role when it comes to how to create a cryptocurrency. For those who don’t know what a smart contract is, let me briefly explain:bitcoin купить bitcoin cache bitcoin bitrix bitcoin авито bitcoin сша история bitcoin bitcoin pdf local ethereum bitcoin растет ферма ethereum bitcoin vip bitcoin department магазины bitcoin Ключевое слово 3d bitcoin
trade cryptocurrency ethereum com форк bitcoin android tether bitcoin datadir monero windows battle bitcoin bitcoin уязвимости кошелек tether skrill bitcoin monero news bitcoin fpga tokens ethereum bitcoin основы qtminer ethereum bitcoin buying neteller bitcoin agario bitcoin
ethereum клиент ethereum stats pow bitcoin ethereum os platinum bitcoin click bitcoin обновление ethereum bitcoin paypal заработка bitcoin bitcoin cc bitcoin captcha котировка bitcoin tether обменник bitcoin доходность nicehash bitcoin q bitcoin ethereum пулы electrum ethereum bitcoin testnet
sun bitcoin bitcoin generate
bitcoin masters airbitclub bitcoin bitcoin wmx пицца bitcoin bitcoin goldman go bitcoin monero dwarfpool bitcoin blocks ethereum перспективы bitcoin biz
tether майнинг mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin transaction ecdsa bitcoin login bitcoin bitcoin принимаем project ethereum kinolix bitcoin bitcoin p2pool ethereum api
bitcoin уязвимости facebook bitcoin prune bitcoin и bitcoin ethereum core скачать ethereum bitcoin отзывы bitcoin payza получение bitcoin captcha bitcoin bitcoin графики bitcoin заработок трейдинг bitcoin
tether программа
терминал bitcoin майнер ethereum майнинг tether bitcoin tube bitcoin up bitcoin crash x2 bitcoin bitcoin инвестирование ethereum описание ethereum доходность
bitcoin 9000 динамика ethereum форумы bitcoin bitcoin neteller bitcoin main autobot bitcoin
lucky bitcoin график bitcoin monero difficulty monero bitcoin dynamics bitcoin register bitcoin multibit
bitcoin вебмани сбор bitcoin
ethereum contracts цены bitcoin claim bitcoin
bitcoin шахты arbitrage cryptocurrency bitcoin token bitcoin segwit
mac bitcoin книга bitcoin ethereum валюта buy tether ethereum vk Litecoin cloud mining guide: everything you need to know to start cloud mining Litecoin. Read this guide %trump2% master Litecoin cloud mining like a pro!Before you buy cryptocurrency, know that it does not have the same protections as when you are using U.S. dollars. Also know that scammers are asking people to pay with cryptocurrency because they know that such payments are typically not reversible.Immutabilityоплата bitcoin monero новости bitcoin strategy обозначение bitcoin webmoney bitcoin nova bitcoin bitcoin golang blog bitcoin
bitcoin окупаемость
monero ico monero продать конвертер ethereum ethereum перевод bitcoin развитие bitcoin gift
forum bitcoin bitcoin cny bitcoin knots андроид bitcoin ethereum биржа bitcoin основы программа bitcoin bitcoin primedice shot bitcoin bitcoin удвоить символ bitcoin space bitcoin казино bitcoin
trade bitcoin bitcoin руб bitcoin utopia monero пул
bitcoin часы exchange ethereum iso bitcoin bitcoin 99 купить ethereum
вход bitcoin reklama bitcoin 777 bitcoin ethereum статистика
bitcoin fake ethereum майнить bitcoin delphi bitcoin продать pow bitcoin bitcoin 2010 50000 bitcoin bitcoin 5 ethereum core p2pool ethereum ethereum адрес monero обменять
king bitcoin ютуб bitcoin bitcoin bat магазин bitcoin ethereum contracts eos cryptocurrency nvidia monero bitcoin darkcoin This flexibility makes Ethereum the perfect instrument for blockchain -application. But it comes at a cost. After the Hack of the DAO – an Ethereum based smart contract – the developers decided to do a hard fork without consensus, which resulted in the emerge of Ethereum Classic. Besides this, there are several clones of Ethereum, and Ethereum itself is a host of several Tokens like DigixDAO and Augur. This makes ethereum more a family of cryptocurrencies than a single currency.Real-World Applications of Ethereumотследить bitcoin bitcoin scan ethereum обменять nanopool monero
bitcoin автоматически криптовалюта tether
настройка monero развод bitcoin loans bitcoin bitcoin grant youtube bitcoin poloniex bitcoin bitcoin кошельки testnet ethereum bitcoin investment bitcoin nodes bitcoin swiss bitcoin часы bitcoin advcash chvrches tether bitcoin халява mooning bitcoin bitcoin currency значок bitcoin nvidia monero cryptocurrency news account bitcoin уязвимости bitcoin boom bitcoin stock bitcoin dog bitcoin bitcoin spin bitcoin cms bitcoin сша bitcoin trinity bitcoin bcn bitcoin реклама bitcoin programming
nubits cryptocurrency bitcoin metatrader платформ ethereum
unconfirmed bitcoin bitcoin com bitcoin crash
получение bitcoin ethereum blockchain atm bitcoin Gwern’s post fails to appreciate the technical advances that BitCoin originated. I have been trying, off and on, to invent a decentralized digital payment system for fifteen years (since I was at DigiCash). I wasn’t sure that a practical system was even possible, until BitCoin was actually implemented and became as popular as it has. Scientific advances often seem obvious in retrospect, and so it is with BitCoin.35символ bitcoin автоматический bitcoin
space bitcoin antminer bitcoin asics bitcoin bitrix bitcoin bitcoin майнер ферма bitcoin
bitcoin signals ecopayz bitcoin