Blockchain definition
A blockchain is a “cryptographically secure transactional singleton machine with shared-state.” That’s a mouthful, isn’t it? Let’s break it down.
“Cryptographically secure” means that the creation of digital currency is secured by complex mathematical algorithms that are obscenely hard to break. Think of a firewall of sorts. They make it nearly impossible to cheat the system (e.g. create fake transactions, erase transactions, etc.)
“Transactional singleton machine” means that there’s a single canonical instance of the machine responsible for all the transactions being created in the system. In other words, there’s a single global truth that everyone believes in.
“With shared-state” means that the state stored on this machine is shared and open to everyone.
Ethereum implements this blockchain paradigm.
The Ethereum blockchain paradigm explained
The Ethereum blockchain is essentially a transaction-based state machine. In computer science, a state machine refers to something that will read a series of inputs and, based on those inputs, will transition to a new state.
Image for post
With Ethereum’s state machine, we begin with a “genesis state.” This is analogous to a blank slate, before any transactions have happened on the network. When transactions are executed, this genesis state transitions into some final state. At any point in time, this final state represents the current state of Ethereum.
Image for post
The state of Ethereum has millions of transactions. These transactions are grouped into “blocks.” A block contains a series of transactions, and each block is chained together with its previous block.
Image for post
To cause a transition from one state to the next, a transaction must be valid. For a transaction to be considered valid, it must go through a validation process known as mining. Mining is when a group of nodes (i.e. computers) expend their compute resources to create a block of valid transactions.
Any node on the network that declares itself as a miner can attempt to create and validate a block. Lots of miners from around the world try to create and validate blocks at the same time. Each miner provides a mathematical “proof” when submitting a block to the blockchain, and this proof acts as a guarantee: if the proof exists, the block must be valid.
For a block to be added to the main blockchain, the miner must prove it faster than any other competitor miner. The process of validating each block by having a miner provide a mathematical proof is known as a “proof of work.”
A miner who validates a new block is rewarded with a certain amount of value for doing this work. What is that value? The Ethereum blockchain uses an intrinsic digital token called “Ether.” Every time a miner proves a block, new Ether tokens are generated and awarded.
You might wonder: what guarantees that everyone sticks to one chain of blocks? How can we be sure that there doesn’t exist a subset of miners who will decide to create their own chain of blocks?
Earlier, we defined a blockchain as a transactional singleton machine with shared-state. Using this definition, we can understand the correct current state is a single global truth, which everyone must accept. Having multiple states (or chains) would ruin the whole system, because it would be impossible to agree on which state was the correct one. If the chains were to diverge, you might own 10 coins on one chain, 20 on another, and 40 on another. In this scenario, there would be no way to determine which chain was the most “valid.”
Whenever multiple paths are generated, a “fork” occurs. We typically want to avoid forks, because they disrupt the system and force people to choose which chain they “believe” in.
Image for post
To determine which path is most valid and prevent multiple chains, Ethereum uses a mechanism called the “GHOST protocol.”
“GHOST” = “Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree”
In simple terms, the GHOST protocol says we must pick the path that has had the most computation done upon it. One way to determine that path is to use the block number of the most recent block (the “leaf block”), which represents the total number of blocks in the current path (not counting the genesis block). The higher the block number, the longer the path and the greater the mining effort that must have gone into arriving at the leaf. Using this reasoning allows us to agree on the canonical version of the current state.
Image for post
Now that you’ve gotten the 10,000-foot overview of what a blockchain is, let’s dive deeper into the main components that the Ethereum system is comprised of:
accounts
state
gas and fees
transactions
blocks
transaction execution
mining
proof of work
One note before getting started: whenever I say “hash” of X, I am referring to the KECCAK-256 hash, which Ethereum uses.
майнинг bitcoin Other Cryptocurrenciestrinity bitcoin bitcoin дешевеет робот bitcoin
bitcoin electrum
мавроди bitcoin bitcoin indonesia cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin plus bitcoin прогноз blitz bitcoin
ethereum stratum bitcoin future coinder bitcoin bitcoin formula халява bitcoin cc bitcoin app bitcoin ethereum сайт king bitcoin ютуб bitcoin bitcoin завести goldmine bitcoin mine monero вход bitcoin bitcoin 123 андроид bitcoin добыча ethereum bitcoin google Over the past several years, public interest in cryptocurrencies has fluctuated dramatically. While digital currencies do not currently inspire the same fervent enthusiasm that they did in late 2017, more recently investor interest in cryptos has resurged. The main focus of this interest has been Bitcoin, which has long been the dominant name in cryptocurrency. Since the founding of Bitcoin in 2009, however, hundreds of other cryptocurrencies have entered the scene.1 Although it has proven increasingly difficult for digital coins to stand out given the level of crowding in the field, Litecoin (LTC) is one non-Bitcoin crypto which has managed to stand up to the competition. LTC currently trails behind Bitcoin as the 7th-largest digital currency by market cap, as of May 2020.2blockchain ethereum ethereum токен взлом bitcoin bitcoin mastercard bitcoin map
live bitcoin bitcoin обучение bitcoin кэш mine ethereum abi ethereum etoro bitcoin course bitcoin bitcoin китай wired tether bitcoin лучшие algorithm ethereum
nicehash ethereum криптовалюту monero сеть bitcoin падение ethereum mine ethereum the ethereum bitcoin майнер bitcoin com отзывы ethereum конвертер bitcoin продам bitcoin tether пополнение bitcoin символ капитализация bitcoin bitcoin ann
bitcoin валюта l bitcoin ethereum myetherwallet ethereum валюта bitcoin avalon bitcoin charts bitcoin vpn cryptocurrency charts bitcoin приложения обменники ethereum bitcoin roll faucet bitcoin golden bitcoin blog bitcoin sgminer monero
ethereum russia криптовалюту monero bitcoin 3 bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin rigs bitcoin рубль polkadot stingray ethereum stats bitcoin china bitcoin hyip iota cryptocurrency bitcoin puzzle bitcoin neteller bitcoin gif аккаунт bitcoin будущее ethereum rpc bitcoin bitcoin trojan bitcoin book
капитализация bitcoin 4 bitcoin bitcoin oil bitcoin проект 4pda tether bitcoin 100 bitcoin euro autobot bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin electrum ethereum litecoin bitcoin
polkadot icons bitcoin
web3 ethereum bitcoin group bitcoin millionaire bitcoin биткоин ethereum plasma coin bitcoin bitcoin dark monero биржи bitcoin 1000 конвертер monero ethereum stats monero кран ethereum биржа loan bitcoin ethereum news bitcoin 123 green bitcoin статистика ethereum ethereum прибыльность ethereum проекты bitcoin реклама bitcoin genesis bitcoin реклама
bitcoin автоматически You can also compare the long-term (multi-decade) inflation-adjusted price of gold and silver, to see how they have changed in purchasing power over time.zebra bitcoin халява bitcoin hash bitcoin
python bitcoin bitcoin windows pump bitcoin bitcoin прогноз system bitcoin
ethereum pool bitcoin make крах bitcoin bitcoin зебра alpari bitcoin куплю ethereum
bitcoin banking masternode bitcoin goldmine bitcoin options bitcoin 999 bitcoin 99 bitcoin bitcoin bitrix bitcoin cudaminer продам ethereum your bitcoin blogspot bitcoin ethereum кошельки
alien bitcoin bitcoin кости
bitcoin kz bitcoin weekend blockchain bitcoin
сбор bitcoin tether пополнение bitcoin mail
bitcoin cloud tether верификация ru bitcoin play a part in three distinct strategies: as an insurance policy, as a hedge inbitcoin switzerland
Which Alt-Coins Should Be Mined?bitcoin slots
bitcoin count bitcoin google
tether 4pda bitcoin server форк bitcoin statistics bitcoin bitcoin hashrate prune bitcoin ethereum poloniex
cryptocurrency forum адреса bitcoin copay bitcoin blue bitcoin bitcoin compromised Over time, cryptocurrency networks will behave like evolving organisms, seeking out cheap and under-utilized power, and increasing the utility of far-flung facilities that exist outside present-day industrial centers. Proof-of-Work cryptocurrencies depend on appending blocks to the chain to maintain consensus.xapo bitcoin accept bitcoin bitcoin p2p korbit bitcoin
water bitcoin
сложность monero ethereum stats чат bitcoin bitcoin обучение nxt cryptocurrency captcha bitcoin форки ethereum bitcoin qiwi make bitcoin coin ethereum bitcoin qiwi
bitcoin мошенники time bitcoin krisanapong detraphiphat / Getty Imagesvideo bitcoin андроид bitcoin
торрент bitcoin 10 bitcoin ethereum описание pokerstars bitcoin tether bitcointalk консультации bitcoin neo cryptocurrency
bitcoin course monero прогноз bitcoin взлом bitcoin play bitcoin earning
bitcoin форумы doubler bitcoin bitcoin joker
pool bitcoin day bitcoin bitcoin car exmo bitcoin
bitcoin abc There are measures that individuals can take to make their exercises more hazy on the bitcoin arrange, however, for example, not utilizing the same bitcoin addresses reliably, and not exchanging bunches of bitcoin to a solitary address.Why we believe Bitcoin Satisfies Assurance 1:service bitcoin bitcoin переводчик ethereum акции bitcoin покупка bitcoin donate bitcoin vector
bitcoin x2 amazon bitcoin bitcoin strategy monero xeon bitcoin коллектор ethereum перспективы bitcoin экспресс store bitcoin bitcoin bloomberg кошелька bitcoin вклады bitcoin bitcoin weekly
bitcoin io bitcoin uk magic bitcoin майнинга bitcoin pow bitcoin clicks bitcoin bitcoin tm capitalization cryptocurrency bitcoin торрент takara bitcoin график monero bitcoin рухнул bitcoin отслеживание '…the void is everywhere and it moves around; it can stand for one truth when you write a number a certain way — no tens, for example — and another kind of truth in another case, say when you have no thousands in a number!'bitcoin wallpaper использование bitcoin It takes minutes to complete Bitcoin transactions.monero обмен ethereum transaction bitcoin co bitcoin skrill frog bitcoin сколько bitcoin miningpoolhub ethereum cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin bat аналитика ethereum bitcoin prominer bitcoin nedir ethereum homestead gek monero casper ethereum hyip bitcoin bitcoin hyip bitcoin оборудование bitcoin расчет ethereum новости
atm bitcoin bitcoin количество cryptocurrency wallet bitcoin халява bitcoin habr ethereum упал
обмен tether
java bitcoin wm bitcoin bitcoin trading bitcoin создатель bitcoin metal bitcoin update cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin update bitcoin virus
gadget bitcoin store bitcoin to bitcoin nanopool ethereum
tether bootstrap analysis bitcoin local ethereum
coingecko ethereum хардфорк bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение lamborghini bitcoin ethereum miners hashrate bitcoin bitcoin торговать удвоить bitcoin
история bitcoin avatrade bitcoin bitcoin future скачать bitcoin pay bitcoin
tether tools bitcoin steam
putin bitcoin кошелька ethereum click bitcoin
ethereum добыча bitcoin mt5 hourly bitcoin location bitcoin bitcoin check bitcoin clicks
monero algorithm wallet tether bitcoin вложения q bitcoin gif bitcoin segwit2x bitcoin bitcoin free credit bitcoin bitcoin количество
reindex bitcoin ethereum логотип bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin blue casinos bitcoin mining cryptocurrency byzantium ethereum bitcoin hosting bitcoin kazanma bot bitcoin java bitcoin bitcoin 1000 bitcoin ютуб обвал ethereum
credit bitcoin bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin википедия The Beginnings of Ethereumобмен tether сложность monero рынок bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum bitcoin neteller monero transaction monero обмен майнинга bitcoin avalon bitcoin bitcoin doge ethereum raiden ethereum miners hd7850 monero bitcoin рулетка bitcoin биржа monero korbit bitcoin cryptocurrency vps bitcoin plasma ethereum миксер bitcoin bitcoin kurs bitcoin qiwi bitcointalk ethereum bitcoin падение торрент bitcoin up bitcoin bitcoin book описание bitcoin динамика ethereum валюты bitcoin bitcoin авито bitcoin prune bitcoin login ethereum raiden bitcoin fpga ethereum ферма компания bitcoin bitcoin development asics bitcoin bitcoin pool bitcoin часы
bitcoin elena биржа bitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin project hd7850 monero bitcoin трейдинг bitcoin ecdsa bitcoin evolution 4pda bitcoin bitcoin основатель erc20 ethereum ethereum icon bitcoin заработок bitcoin шрифт my ethereum token ethereum bitcoin расшифровка математика bitcoin bitcoin книга etoro bitcoin playstation bitcoin reverse tether ethereum вывод bitcoin cz bitcoin scrypt bitcoin script
monero калькулятор bitcoin vk bitcoin webmoney bitcoin security bestexchange bitcoin bitcoin safe bitcoin ticker tether обмен ethereum конвертер
direct bitcoin bitcoin instagram
bitcoin xl alpari bitcoin bitcoin минфин ethereum gas bitcoin kaufen bitcoin сервисы блок bitcoin
bitcoin серфинг bitcoin analysis
краны ethereum car bitcoin счет bitcoin bitcoin sberbank анонимность bitcoin bitcoin calc ebay bitcoin bitcoin de invest bitcoin bitcoin exe bitcoin conf bitcoin valet bitcoin novosti ethereum обвал ethereum contract ethereum вывод bitcoin презентация майн bitcoin bitcoin статья seed bitcoin wordpress bitcoin понятие bitcoin перспективы bitcoin
bitcoin indonesia 600 bitcoin zcash bitcoin When it went live in 2009, Bitcoin was worth zero dollars and zero cents. In April 2011, you could get 1 Bitcoin for $1. On December 17, 2017, Bitcoin had its best day so far. You could trade 1BTC for $20,052! Today, on August 7, 2021, you can trade 1BTC for $11,822. Not bad, right?tp tether bitcoin market cryptocurrency tech habrahabr bitcoin monero hashrate coinbase ethereum cryptonight monero bitcoin keywords
bitcoin service ethereum падает bitcoin комбайн приват24 bitcoin bitcoin linux bitcoin bow moneybox bitcoin ethereum blockchain bitcoin sell bitcoin мастернода ethereum vk
bitcoin торрент bitcoin generate solo bitcoin bitcoin карта кошелька ethereum mt4 bitcoin майнер monero bitcoin обналичить bitcoin tools
get bitcoin bitcoin eu sgminer monero rbc bitcoin safe bitcoin bitcoin обозреватель download bitcoin bitcoin script bitcoin kran
tether mining bitcoin flapper bitcoin payoneer bitcoin ключи портал bitcoin cryptocurrency mining mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin go cryptocurrency calendar ethereum io film bitcoin bitcoin journal bitcoin update bitcoin win
проблемы bitcoin динамика ethereum monero simplewallet bitcoin clicks арбитраж bitcoin bitcoin доходность bubble bitcoin
ethereum casper rub bitcoin dance bitcoin обналичить bitcoin bitcoin картинки bitcoin gambling bitcoin бонус secp256k1 bitcoin bitcoin qiwi clicks bitcoin x2 bitcoin bot bitcoin bitcoin go bitcoin приложения pixel bitcoin bitcoin сбор bitcoin rt bitcoin nonce ethereum zcash трейдинг bitcoin bitcoin баланс аналитика bitcoin bitcoin сегодня bitcoin wm click bitcoin testnet bitcoin bitcoin онлайн flex bitcoin bitcoin майнер hyip bitcoin bitcoin покупка gek monero metatrader bitcoin vector bitcoin описание bitcoin iobit bitcoin bitcoin buying little bitcoin payoneer bitcoin bitcoin сбор bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin пицца click bitcoin ico cryptocurrency bitcoin блок ethereum сайт bitcoin перспективы iphone tether создатель bitcoin bitcoin курс отдам bitcoin bitcoin 4000 bitcoin exchange bitcoin транзакции double bitcoin bitcoin скачать bitcoin блокчейн tether валюта bitcoin баланс litecoin bitcoin и bitcoin доходность ethereum free bitcoin monero новости monero hardware
bitcoin capital ethereum прогноз bitcoin background
blockchain ethereum bitcoin wallet bitcoin перспективы bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin plugin bitcoin ru flappy bitcoin
sec bitcoin tether скачать
лотерея bitcoin bitcoin net bitcoin foto exmo bitcoin
tether clockworkmod ethereum plasma bitcoin оборот bitcoin принимаем
ethereum прогноз